Kastovsky (1986: 243) insists on the same idea: " originally a denominai suffix, it was extended to deverbal derivation via nouns like leasing, flyming, where there was a verb (leasian, flieman), which was.Klippa ( third person singular past indicative klipti, third person plural past indicative kliptu, supine klipt)Ĭonjugation Conjugation of klippa (group v-9nn)ġOnly the past participle being declined. suffixes pass over from forming desubstantive agent nouns to forming derivative, there existing or arising cases where the derived word permits of a double interpretation: as a formation from a substantive or as a formation from a verb generally derived from that very substantive". In spite of the overall transparency of the system, some authors have insisted on the difficulty of identifying the bases of some derivatives. Regarding the regularity and predictability of derivations, the system is mainly gradual (affixes are attached in a stepwise manner, in such a way that the insertion of an affix requires the attachment of the previous one) and clusters around strong verbs and their derivatives, which represent a significant part of the lexicon (Hinderling 1967 Seebold 1970 Kastovsky 1992 Martin Arista forthcoming c). (2) As for the generalization of Old English derivation, it can be largely attributed to the recursive character of the system (Martin Arista forthcoming a, b), which often inputs derived bases to morphological processes of word-formation. The derivational morphology of Old English is not only generalized but also fairly regular and predictable, as has been put forward by Kastovsky (1992) and Lass (1994). Such alternative bases of derivation reflect stemformation that may result from inflectional means and be eventually used for derivational purposes. If Old English made extensive use of words as bases of derivation, a single base should be available if, on the contrary, Old English is still dependent on stem-formation, more than one base is likely to be found for a single derivative. Secondly, the analysis evidences that the importance of stem-formation in Old English might be higher than has been acknowledged by previous studies. In the first place, the importance is underlined of formations on stems in Old English, involving, at least, nouns. The line of argumentation is that, under certain circumstances, the existence of more than one base available for the formation of a derivative does not reinforce the explanation of invariable bases on the contrary, it goes in the direction of variable bases produced by inflectional processes and made ready for derivation. Within non-basic nouns there are 3488 affixed nouns (351 by prefixation and 3137 by suffixation) and 9091 compound nouns. 16694 out of these are nouns, of which 4115 are basic and 12579 qualify as non-basic.
The corpus of analysis of this research is based on data retrieved from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus, which contains 30170 predicates. The results of the analysis are discussed in the light of the evolution from stem-formation to word-formation. The aim of this journal article is to carry out a complete analysis of the category, status and patterns of the bases of derivation of Old English affixal nouns.
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